Ergothioneine (EGT)

Ergothioneine (EGT) is an antioxidant found in high concentrations in oxidative stress-sensitive tissues such as blood, liver, bone marrow, and semen. It protects cells by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), preventing apoptosis. EGT’s antioxidant activity is primarily attributed to its thiol group. It is a substrate for the SLC22A4 transporter, which helps its uptake into cells.

In alveolar macrophages, EGT inhibits the release of interleukin-8 (IL-8), a pro-inflammatory cytokine triggered by TNF-α. It also plays a role in protecting the liver and kidneys from oxidative damage and helps preserve glutathione and α-tocopherol (vitamin E). EGT is effective in protecting against gamma and UV radiation by scavenging ROS in skin fibroblasts and reducing the expression of MMP1, potentially preventing UV-induced skin aging.